{"id":2203,"date":"2025-01-17T12:38:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T11:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serelys.hr\/?p=2203"},"modified":"2025-01-17T12:47:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T11:47:41","slug":"kako-se-pms-simptomi-menjaju-tokom-perimenopauze-dr-tanja-marjanovic-milosevic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serelys.hr\/sr\/blog\/kako-se-pms-simptomi-menjaju-tokom-perimenopauze-dr-tanja-marjanovic-milosevic\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako se PMS simptomi menjaju tokom perimenopauze?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uvod u perimenopauzu i PMS<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Perimenopauza ili prelazni period je period koji prethodi menopauzi, kada stvaranje hormona u jajniku postepeno slabi i vremenom oni prestaju sa radom. Perimenopauza u proseku traje 7 godina, ali ovo je veoma individualno, od par meseci pa do 10 godina. Kona\u010dan prestanak funkcije jajnika, menopauza, nastaje tek kada izostane menstruacija du\u017ee od godinu dana.<\/p>\n

U perimenopauzi po\u010dinju varijacije u menstruaciji, prvo blage kada se du\u017eina ciklusa razlikuje vi\u0161e od 7 dana, dok kasnu fazu perimenopauze karakteri\u0161u izostanci i do 60 dana. Smanjen rad jajnika smanjuje i koli\u010dinu u jajniku stvorenih estrogena i progesterona. Estrogen naglo opada u poslednjim godinama perimenopauze, a njegov nivo se stabilizuje tek dve godine od menopauze. Progesteron, hormon druge faze menstrualnog ciklusa, u niskim vrednostima mo\u017ee dovesti do neredovnih, obilnih ili produ\u017eenih menstruacija u perimenopauzi.<\/p>\n

\u0160ta predstavlja PMS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Predmenstrualni sindorm, PMS je skup simptoma izazvanih hormonskim fluktuacijama koje se javljaju pre menstruacije, ponavlja se u predvidljivom obrascu do 7 dana pre o\u010dekivane menstruacije. Tako\u0111e ga izaziva pad hormona jajnika, estrogena i progesterona, ali cikli\u010dno, samo u jednom delu meseca. U PMS-u javljaju se promene raspolo\u017eenja, osetljivost grudi, poja\u010dan apetit, umor, razdra\u017eljivost i pad raspolo\u017eenja ili depresija. Ove promene variraju od jedva primetnih pa do veoma intenzivnih koji remete svakodneve aktivnosti.<\/p>\n

Promene u hormonalnim oscilacijama tokom perimenopauze<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hormoni su ti koji reguli\u0161u na\u0161 menstrualni ciklus. Hipofiza, neuroendokrina \u017elezda u mozgu, proizvodi FSH I LH, dva hormona koja stimuli\u0161u jajnike na proizvodnju estrogena i progesterona. Estrogen i progesteron stimuli\u0161u matericu i dojke da se pripreme za trudno\u0107u. Prvim danom menstrualnog krvarenja u stvari zapo\u010dinje menstrualni ciklus. Tokom prve faze menstrualnog ciklusa, folikularne faza, rastu folikuli koji stvaraju estrogen.<\/p>\n

Folikulara faza prose\u010dno traje 13-14 dana, ali \u0161to smo bli\u017ee menopauzi tj. u perimenopauzi postaje sve kra\u0107a. Kraj folikularna faze je ovulacija, osloba\u0111anje jajne \u0107elije. Posle ovulacije nastupa lutealna faza kada jajnik dominatno stvara progesteron. On priprema sluzoko\u017eu materice za oplo\u0111enu jajnu \u0107elije i dovodi do porasta bazalne telesne temperature. Nivoi estrogena su u ovoj fazi tako\u0111e visoki te zajedno sa progesteronom deluje na dojke koje postaju ote\u010dene i osetljive. \u00a0Ako ne do\u0111e do trudno\u0107e, tada se sluzoko\u017ea materice odlubljuje, pada nivo oba hormona i to je kraj jednog ciklusa! Me\u0111utim, u perimenopauzi se naru\u0161ava ova pravilna cikli\u010dna smena hormona.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kako razlikovati PMS i perimenopauzu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kada su u pitanju hormonske promene tokom ciklusa perimenopauza je stvarno prekretnica. Dolazi do ekstrema u oscilaciji hormona i zato je malo verovatno da \u0107e se ono \u0161to se desilo jednog meseca ponoviti slede\u0107eg. Nesanica, naleti vru\u0107ine, promene raspolo\u017eenja, ali i pove\u0107anje telesne te\u017eine, obilne menstruacije su simptomi perimenopauze, ali deluju i kao ekstremi simptoma PMS-a.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, mogu\u0107e je razlikovati PMS i perimenopauzu. Simptomi PMS-a \u0107e prestati ili se pobolj\u0161ati kada se menstruacija zavr\u0161i, dok se u perimenopauzi mogu javiti u bilo koje doba meseca ili biti kontinuirani tokom perimenopauze, trajati godina i pojavljivati se bez ikakvog obrasca.<\/p>\n

Fizi\u010dki simptomi PMS-a tokom perimenopauze<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Svaka druga \u017eena ima neke od simptoma predmenstrualnog sindroma, slabije ili ja\u010de izra\u017eene. Te\u017ei oblik, nazvan predmenstrualni disfori\u010dni poremec\u0301aj (PMDD), poga\u0111a 1 od 10 \u017eena u reproduktivnom dobu i povezan je sa fizi\u010dkim simptomima kao \u0161to su poremec\u0301aji spavanja ili bol u grudima, kao i psiho-emocionalni simptomi, uklju\u010dujuc\u0301i depresiju, gubitak kontrole, razdra\u017eljivost , agresivnost i problemi koncentracije.<\/p>\n

U perimenopauzi, nivoi progesterona mogu biti prvi koji opadaju. U ranoj fazi perimenopauze, uobi\u010dajeni su odre\u0111eni simptomi niskog progesterona, a menstrualni ciklus je jo\u0161 uvek redovan. U kasnoj perimenopauzi, kada menstruacije po\u010dnu da izostaju, simptomi niskog progesterona mogu biti izra\u017eeniji. Simptomi niskog progesterona su skra\u0107enje menstrualnog ciklusa, promena sekreta, ta\u010dkasto krvarenje pre menstruacije, pojava migrena, ali i nadutost, oscilacije u te\u017eini i zadr\u017eavanje te\u010dnosti, napetost dojki mogu postati intenzivniji ili u\u010destaliji zbog nepravilnih ciklusa.<\/p>\n

Emotivni i mentalni simptomi PMS-a tokom perimenopauze<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Emotivni i mentalni simptomi PMS-a tokom perimenopauze veoma su uobi\u010dajeni. Promene hormona koje uti\u010du na menstruaciju tako\u0111e uti\u010du i na emocije, te \u017eene osete promene raspolo\u017eenja u perimenopauzi koji su sli\u010dni PMS-u. Ove promene variraju u intenzitetu od razdra\u017eljivosti, bezdu\u0161nosti, pla\u010dljivosti, plahovitosti, kao i pote\u0161ko\u0107a u koncentrisanju preko depresije (ose\u0107aj beznade\u017enosti ili bezna\u010dajnosti, utrnutost, gubitak interesovanja za svakodnevne uobi\u010dajene aktivnosti), kao i anksioznost (stalan strah koji ometa svakodnevne aktivnosti, a manifestuje se napeto\u0161\u0107u mi\u0161i\u0107a, preznojavanjem ili mu\u010dninom). Ovi simptomi su poznati kao perimenopauzalna nestabilnost raspolo\u017eenja.<\/p>\n

Fluktuacije neurotransmitera serotonina, sa svojom klju\u010dnom ulogom u stanjima raspolo\u017eenja, mogu izazvati simptome PMS-a. Nedovoljne koli\u010dine serotonina doprinose predmenstrualnoj depresiji, kao i umoru, \u017eudnji za hranom i problemima sa spavanjem. Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da je uticaj estrogena i progesterona na serotonin u nervnim zavr\u0161ecima\u00a0 odgovoran za promene raspolo\u017eenja kod ljudi i \u017eivotnja. Na neuronima koji lu\u010de serotonin postoje estrogenski receptori. \u00a0Estrogen raste tokom prve polovine menstrualnog ciklusa i pada tokom druge polovine. Kod nekih \u017eena nivo serotonina ostaje uglavnom stabilan. Ali, kod \u017eena sa PMS-om, serotonin opada kao i estrogen. To zna\u010di da je serotonin najni\u017ei u 2 nedelje pre menstruacije. Ali isto tako \u017eenama u kasnoj perimenopauzi, sa niskim vrednostima estrogena, opada i serotonin.<\/p>\n

Hormoni koji uti\u010du na stres i raspolo\u017eenje<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Starenjem raste nivo kortizola, hormona koji priprema na\u0161 organizam za stres<\/strong><\/a>. Visok nivo kortizola dovodi nas u stanje stalne napetosti, a ponekad i prenapregnutosti. Promene nivoa kortizola pogotovo su nagla\u0161ene ujutro i uve\u010de kod te\u0161ke depresije, koje se manifestuju u odr\u017eavanju visokih nivoa tokom dana (u normalnim okolnostima nivo kortizola tokom dana opada). Prekursorske supstance serotonina, kao \u0161to je triptofan, mogu se nac\u0301i u hrani, te u principu na nivo serotonina mogu uticati i navike u ishrani. Hrana bogata triptofanom \u0107e pomo\u0107i da se izgradi serotonin, ali i melatonin.\u00a0 Ima smisla obratiti pa\u017enju na ono \u0161to jedete a naro\u010dito zimi, kada smanjeni sati sun\u010deve svetlosti i tmurno vreme mogu doprineti pogor\u0161anju raspolo\u017eenja.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Poreme\u0107aji spavanja i umor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Da bismo zaspali, na\u0161em telu je potreban hormon spavanja – melatonin.\u00a0 Melatonin stvara u mraku \u017elezda iza o\u010diju, epifiza, i to je ono \u0161to govori na\u0161em mozgu da je no\u0107 i vreme za spavanje.\u2060 Neurotransmiter serotonin, koji se \u010desto naziva i hormon \u201esrec\u0301e\u201c, ima va\u017enu ulogu u proizvodnji melatonina. Estrogen poma\u017ee u stvaranju serotonina, koji se pretvara u melatonin, na\u0161 hormon spavanja, koji raste pred spavanje. Estrogen opada kako se \u017eene pribli\u017eavaju menopauzi, a time i produkcija serotonina i melatonina. Neregularna proizvodnja melatonina i serotonina mo\u017ee pogor\u0161ati probleme sa spavanjem, uz dodatak no\u0107nog znojenja i valunga kod \u017eena u perimenopauzi.<\/p>\n

Ovi fizi\u010dki simptomi perimenopauze dovode do stresa i zamora organizma zbog \u010dega se emocije intenziviraju. Me\u0111utim, nije za zanemariti ni \u010dinjenicu da je u ovom periodu \u017eivota pritisak najve\u0107i. U na\u0161im 40-im i 50-im \u017eongliramo karijeru i malu decu, prijemne za srednju \u0161kolu ili fakultet, brigu o ostrarelim roditeljima. Naravno da je sav ovaj stres veliki izazov za na\u0161e mentalno zdravlje. I dok se sve ovo de\u0161ava, nivoi melatonina se starenjem smanjuju. Kao i du\u017eina na\u0161eg sna.<\/p>\n

Strategije za olak\u0161avanje simptoma<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Postoji vi\u0161e tehnika za olak\u0161avanje ovih simptoma, od promene \u017eivotnih nauka, prilago\u0111avanje ishrane, kori\u0161\u010denje suplemenata kao i hormonska terapija. Sve ove intervencije usmerene su da se manje osete oscilacije hormona koje nastaju. Dok \u0107e dobar san mnogo zna\u010diti za olak\u0161anje simptoma PMS u perimenopauzi, dotle lo\u0161 san ometa dono\u0161enje odluka, re\u0161avanje problema, koncentraciju, kontrolu emocija i pona\u0161anja, kao i savladavanje promena koje se de\u0161avaju u ovom periodu.<\/p>\n

Pravilan raspored spavanja (odlazak u krevet u isto vreme) i priprema organizma za spavanje izbegavanjem ekrana bar sat vremena pre spavanja, izbegavanjem obilne ve\u010dere pre spavanja, izbacivanjem kofeina poslepodne kao i tiha, tamna i hladna spava\u0107a soba u\u010diniti \u0107e da ovaj cilj bude lak\u0161e ostvariv. Redovno ve\u017ebanje tokom dana, prestanak pu\u0161enja, ali i meditacija, joga, muzika, vo\u0111enje dnevnika i masa\u017ea tako\u0111e su na\u010dini za borbu sa stresom i anksioznosti. Ishrana bogata triptofanom, koja uklju\u010duje bademe, losos, piletinu, ovas, sme\u0111u ri\u017eu, humus, gra\u0161ak, banane, sir, soju, tofu, orase i crnu \u010dokoladu \u0107e pove\u0107ati nivo serotonina, a time i melatonina u organizmu.<\/p>\n

Zaklju\u010dak<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00e9r\u00e9lys<\/strong>\u00ae<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong>PMS<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 je bezbedan nehormonski preparat koji uno\u0161enjem triptofana, prekursora serotonina, u na\u0161 organizam efikasno i pre svega pouzdano smanjuje buru koja se de\u0161ava u organizmu u PMS-u u perimenopauzi. Kori\u0161\u010denjem preparata svakodnevno prva dva meseca, a potom samo u PMS-u \u017eene prime\u0107uju manje oscilacije raspolo\u017eenja, bla\u017ee fizi\u010dke tegobe i uop\u0161teno pobolj\u0161anje kvaliteta \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dr Tanja Marjanovi\u0107 Milo\u0161evi\u0107<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uvod u perimenopauzu i PMS Perimenopauza ili prelazni period je period koji prethodi menopauzi, kada stvaranje hormona u jajniku postepeno […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[102,101,96,79,88,103,86,104],"class_list":["post-2203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pms","tag-emotivni-i-mentalni-simptomi-pms-a","tag-fizicki-simptomi-pms-a","tag-perimenopauza","tag-pms","tag-pms-simptomi","tag-poremecaju-spavanja-i-umor","tag-serelys-pms","tag-strategije-za-olaksavanje-simptoma"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKako se PMS simptomi menjaju tokom perimenopauze? 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