{"id":1052,"date":"2024-08-16T12:55:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T10:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serelys.hr\/?p=1052"},"modified":"2025-02-28T14:45:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T13:45:42","slug":"menopauza-i-brain-fog-mozdana-magla-dr-marina-nikolic-djurovic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serelys.hr\/sr\/blog\/menopauza-i-brain-fog-mozdana-magla-dr-marina-nikolic-djurovic\/","title":{"rendered":"Menopauza i \u201ebrain fog\u201c- mo\u017edana magla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Za\u0161to \u017eene u menopauzi gube fokus? Razotkrijmo fenomen mo\u017edane magle…<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

\u0160ta menopauza predstavlja?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Menopauza je period \u017eivota kod \u017eene kada prestaje menstrualni ciklus, odnosno period od godinu dana posle poslednje menstruacije do kraja \u017eivota. Klimakteri\u010dni period je period koji prethodi menopauzi, a karakteri\u0161e ga pojava neredovnih menstrualnih ciklusa i razli\u010ditih simptoma i znakova. Rana fiziolo\u0161ka menopauza nastaje izme\u0111u 40. i 45. godine \u017eivota. Prevremeni gubitak funkcije jajnika ili tzv. prevremena insuficijencija ovarijuma predstavlja prevremenu menopauzu koja se javlja kod \u017eena mla\u0111ih od 40 godina.<\/p>\n

Simptomi u menopauzi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Poznato je da se u menopauzi javljaju razli\u010diti simptomi, izme\u0111u ostalog i poreme\u0107aji kognitivnih funkcija, koji se mogu manifestovati jo\u0161 u vreme tranzicije, odnosno perimenopauze. Na poreme\u0107aj kognitivnih funkcija i pojavu \u201ebrain foga\u201c (mo\u017edane magle) uti\u010du jo\u0161 i drugi poreme\u0107aji karakteristi\u010dni za ovaj period \u017eeninog \u017eivota. To uklju\u010duje vazomotorne simptome, poreme\u0107aje spavanja i promene raspolo\u017eenja. Kod ve\u0107ine \u017eena, ova vrsta poreme\u0107aja se zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161a u postmenopauzalnom periodu.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017edana magla i menopauza<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Definicija mo\u017edane magle u menopauzi podrazumeva udru\u017eivanje razli\u010ditih kognitivnih simptoma koje \u017eene do\u017eivljavaju tokom menopauze, a koji se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e manifestuju pote\u0161ko\u0107ama s pam\u0107enjem i pa\u017enjom. Izme\u0111u ostalog, u simptome spadaju te\u0161ko\u0107e de\u0161ifrovanja i prise\u0107anja re\u010di, imena, pri\u010da ili brojeva, pote\u0161ko\u0107e u odr\u017eavanju toka misli, rastresenost, zaboravljanje namera (razlog za ulazak u odre\u0111enu prostoriju) i pote\u0161ko\u0107e u prebacivanju izme\u0111u zadataka.<\/p>\n

U velikom broju studija postavlja se pitanje da li pojava ove vrste kognitivnih poreme\u0107aja predvi\u0111a pove\u0107an rizik od nastanka demencije u kasnijem periodu \u017eeninog \u017eivota, kao i da li zaista hormonska supstituciona terapija (HST) predstavlja za\u0161titu od kasnijeg nastanka demencije ili mo\u017eda pove\u0107ava njen rizik.<\/p>\n

\u201eProstor ranjivosti\u201c u menopauzi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Postoji kriti\u010dan \u201eprostor ranjivosti\u201c gde neurobiolo\u0161ki mehanizmi doprinose ovom kognitivnom padu i pogor\u0161anju pam\u0107enja. Pokazano je da se u menopauzi smanjuje nivo polnih hormona, i to na prvom mestu 17\u03b2-estradiola, koji ima mo\u0107an uticaj na funkciju mozga i igra klju\u010dnu ulogu u pam\u0107enju kod \u017eena u srednjem \u017eivotnom dobu, zajedno sa vazomotornim simptomima, poreme\u0107ajem spavanja i promenama raspolo\u017eenja.<\/p>\n

Pokazano je i da je nivo FSH u krvi pozitivno povezan s mo\u017edanim promenama na obe strane frontalnog korteksa. Ina\u010de, frontalni korteks pripada delu mozga koji se naziva limbi\u010dki sistem i igra va\u017enu ulogu kako u regulaciji pona\u0161anja tako i u kognitivnom funkcionisanju .<\/p>\n

\"Menopauza<\/p>\n

Menopauza i psiholo\u0161ki efekti<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Klju\u010dna uloga FSH jeste da stimuli\u0161e rast jajnih \u0107elija i kontroli\u0161e lu\u010denje estrogena. Nivo FSH u krvi pove\u0107ava se tokom menopauze, zajedno sa smanjenjem nivoa estrogena. Frontalni korteks je bogat estrogenskim receptorima koji bi objasnili odnos izme\u0111u nivoa FSH u krvi i aktivnosti mozga u frontalnom re\u017enju. Iako postoje anatomske i funkcionalne veze izme\u0111u frontalnog i parijetalnog korteksa, njihov odnos je dalje posredovan i drugim razli\u010ditim faktorima. Pokazana je indirektna veza izme\u0111u nivoa FSH u krvi i funkcije prednjeg re\u017enja mozga, \u0161to dovodi do intelektualnih poreme\u0107aja.<\/p>\n

Klini\u010dari i istra\u017eiva\u010di koji se bave zdravljem u menopauzi znaju da postoji bezbroj fiziolo\u0161kih i psiholo\u0161kih efekata povezanih s tranzicijom u menopauzi, uklju\u010duju\u0107i promene u kognitivnim funkcijama. Longitudinalne kohortne studije sugeri\u0161u \u201eprostor ranjivosti\u201c za kognitivne pote\u0161ko\u0107e, posebno pam\u0107enje, koje po\u010dinju u ranoj tranziciji menopauze. Pokazano je da u postmenopauzi dolazi do pobolj\u0161anja ove vrste kognitivnih poreme\u0107aja za ve\u0107inu \u017eena.<\/p>\n

Promene nivoa hormona u menopauzi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Promene u nivou polnih steroidnih hormona, posebno 17\u03b2-estradiola, koji ima mo\u0107an uticaj na mozak, imaju klju\u010dnu ulogu u odre\u0111enim vrstama pam\u0107enja u srednjim godinama. \u010cesto su udru\u017eeni s vazomotornim simptomima, poreme\u0107ajima sna i raspolo\u017eenja uz \u010destu pojavu anksioznosti i depresije. Neke studije sugeri\u0161u da se du\u017ee \u017eivotno izlaganje endogenom 17\u03b2-estradiolu mo\u017ee povezati sa boljim kognitivnim procesima kod starijih \u017eena.<\/p>\n

Postoje kriti\u010dne praznine u poznavanju neurobiolo\u0161kih mehanizama koji doprinose tim kognitivnim opadanjima, kao i stepenu do kojeg hormonske promene i simptomi menopauze doprinose kognitivnom padu. Poslednjih godina se sve vi\u0161e radi na pronala\u017eenju potencijalnih intervencija koje bi mogle efikasno ubla\u017eiti kognitivne pote\u0161ko\u0107e u srednjim godinama.<\/p>\n

Efekti hormonske terapije u menopauzi na kogniciju i funkciju mozga su slo\u017eeni. Vodi\u010di Me\u0111unarodnog dru\u0161tva za menopauzu zaklju\u010duju da nema dovoljno dokaza da se preporu\u010di upotreba hormonske supstitucione terapije za le\u010denje ili prevenciju kognitivne disfunkcije.<\/p>\n

Menopauza i individualan pristup<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Postoje dokazi o individualnom pristupu u le\u010denju koji se fokusira na simptome kod \u017eena, kao i na du\u017einu trajanja menopauze, uz odre\u0111ene genetske faktore rizika. Klini\u010dke studije koje su koristile odre\u0111ene vizualizacione metode pokazale su korisne efekte hormonske supstitucione terapije na strukturu i funkciju prefrontalnog korteksa kod \u017eena u postmenopauzi.<\/p>\n

Podaci iz Inicijative za zdravlje \u017eena sugeri\u0161u da dijabetes melitus tip 2 modifikuje efekte hormonske terapije na funkciju mozga kod starijih \u017eena. Pokazano je da HST mo\u017ee dovesti i do negativnih efekata. Zato je vrlo va\u017ean individualni pristup koji ograni\u010dava upotrebu HST kod jednog broja \u017eena. Iz brojnih klini\u010dkih studija zaklju\u010deno je da kombinacija hormonske terapije u starijem \u017eivotnom dobu, starije \u017eivotne dobi i metaboli\u010dkih poreme\u0107aja koji se uglavnom javljaju kod \u017eena sa tipom 2 \u0161e\u0107erne bolesti mogu zajedno predstavljati \u0161tetan rizik za mozak.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, kod najve\u0107eg broja \u017eena, ako se na vreme primeni, HST mo\u017ee dovesti do boljeg kognitivnog funkcionisanja i spre\u010davanja nastanka simptoma menopauze, od kojih mo\u017eda tzv. mo\u017edana magla pravi najvi\u0161e subjektivnih tegoba.<\/p>\n

S\u00e9r\u00e9lys\u00ae<\/sup>\u00a0MENO\u00a0– odli\u010dna nehormonska alternativa u menopauzi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Poslednjih godina postoje i podaci o primeni odgovaraju\u0107ih suplemenata kod \u017eena koje ne smeju ili iz razli\u010ditih razloga ne mogu da dobijaju HST. Pokazano je da odre\u0111eni, specifi\u010dni ekstrakti polena koji se izme\u0111u ostalog nalaze i u preparatu S\u00e9r\u00e9lys\u00ae<\/sup>\u00a0MENO<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0mogu biti odli\u010dna nehormonska alternativa. Ovaj ekstrakt polena mo\u017ee ubla\u017eiti simptome menopauze, a na prvom mestu vazomotorne smetnje, kao i probleme s pam\u0107enjem. Ovaj preparat tako\u0111e predstavlja sigurno i efikasno re\u0161enje problema sa spavanjem, \u0161to je jedan od vode\u0107ih simptoma kod \u017eena u menopauzi.<\/p>\n

\"Menopauza<\/p>\n

Prof. dr Marina Nikoli\u0107-\u0110urovi\u0107,<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Klinika za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma KCS<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Za\u0161to \u017eene u menopauzi gube fokus? Razotkrijmo fenomen mo\u017edane magle… \u0160ta menopauza predstavlja? Menopauza je period \u017eivota kod \u017eene kada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[32,31,37,35,33,36,34,38],"class_list":["post-1052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meno","tag-brain-fog","tag-menopauza","tag-menopauza-i-individualan-pristup","tag-menopauza-i-psiholoski-efekti","tag-mozdana-magla","tag-promene-nivoa-hormona-u-menopauzi","tag-prostor-ranjivosti-u-menopauzi","tag-serelys-meno"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMenopauza i \u201ebrain fog\u201c- mo\u017edana magla - 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